Understanding DNA Testing

A standard paternity test involves the participation of the child, alleged father, and the mother (called a trio). To test paternity, the laboratory examines 16 specific areas of each individual’s DNA sample. These areas are called loci (singular=locus). Since every individual has 2 copies of each chromosome, they will have two readings for each locus tested. Once testing is completed, DNA loci are compared. Readings for each tested individual will have two numbers. For each locus, one of the child’s numbers must match one of the mother’s numbers for that locus, and the other number, the biological father’s. To illustrate:

If the Mother=(A,B) and the Father=(C,D),

then the Child can be (A,C); (A,D); (B,C) or (B,D).

A paternity index is determined for each match. The paternity index is a calculation of how frequently that match occurs in a specific population; it is the likelihood that the tested man is the biological father of the tested child based on that loci. But one locus is not enough to conclusively determine paternity. That is why we conduct testing on 16 different loci.

Each locus has its own paternity index. If all the loci match, the paternity indices for each are combined, and a combined probability of paternity is calculated.

Our laboratory routinely generates probabilities of 99.999% and higher, meaning the tested man is 99.999% more likely than any other man in his race population to be the biological father of the tested child.

If the tested man does not match the tested child on a locus, the paternity index for that locus is 0. If there are 3 or less non-matches, the samples are examined further to obtain conclusive results (additional testing of up to 25 total markers). If there are 4 or more non-matches, it is concluded that the tested man cannot be the biological father of the tested child. The probability of paternity is 0%. To Find out more about how you can get a DNA Test done please contact IPS right away.

 

20/20 What to do if you catch your spouse cheating…

 

10 Different Ways To Catch A Cheating Spouse

Instead of wondering if your husband is having an affair, it would be far better to have guidelines to follow so you can make
comparisons. Keep in mind that some of these ways alone may not be indicators that your spouse is cheating but they are certainly things that raise red flags, making you aware of potential problems.
Overtime – Although overtime is something that many people deal with occasionally, if you were to notice a sudden increase in the amount and frequency of overtime, this could be a sign of a new love interest, on the job or elsewhere. To verify, you could always check your spouse’s paycheck to see if overtime is being paid. Change in Work Hours – Many times, a husband or wife will begin to go into work earlier or leave later than usual. Obviously, the “free” hours might be spent with a lover. Although not always, many times this occurs when the person your spouse is having the affair with is also married. Internet and E-Mail – If you find your spouse spending more time on the computer, often working late at night or early in the morning, you may find that he or she is communicating with someone behind your back. Sometimes, this type of communication starts out innocently, just a little flirting but unfortunately, it can quickly turn from fantasy to reality.Missing Time – In this case, if you discover your spouse is not where he or she is supposed to be, then something fishy may be going on. For example, if your spouse has unaccountable hours between client meetings or needs to take off on the weekend for some type of “meeting”, red flags should be raised. Restlessness – A happy and content spouse would love spending time with his or her spouse at home. However, when a husband or wife becomes restless, finding it difficult simply to sit back to enjoy the family then you should be questioning why. Arguments – Often, you will find that a cheating spouse encourages a fight so there is a viable excuse to leave the house. Obviously, this provides an opportunity for the husband or wife to meet up with the lover. Mileage – An old trick if you were to suspect your spouse of cheating is to start logging the odometer on the car. You could easily determine the approximate number of miles he or she drives daily and then if you find the car is being driven more, you may want to find out where your spouse is going. New Friends- When a person gets involved in an affair, he or she often develops new friends associated with the lover. Therefore, if you find your spouse is steering clear of old friends, often caused by guilt and starting to make new ones, it could be for this very reason. Fragrances – Remember that people wear different cologne and perfume fragrances. For this reason, if you were to notice a smell other than what you or your spouse normally wears, it could be coming from another person.
Hidden Bills and Statements – There is no reason for telephone, cell phone, or credit card bills and/or statements to be hidden. If you notice they are no longer being sent to the house, it could be that information is being kept from you for a reason.

 

Is it worth it to hire a Private Investigator?

If you have begun to notice changes with your spouse, unusual behavioral changes, work habit changes, eating habit changes, and so on, chances are you might be thinking that he or she is having an affair. Unfortunately, the percentage of men and women who cheat on a spouse is skyrocketing. Today, as much as 40% of women cheat and as much as 50% of men cheat. Therefore, if you have suspicions that something is amiss in the marriage, you might consider hiring a private investigator.

The question for many people in this situation is, “Is it worth hiring a private investigator” and in most cases, the answer is yes. The one thing to remember is that your suspicions of your spouse could be wrong. That means if you begin prying into his/her personal business, asking tons of questions, or perhaps even following your spouse around, you are building a huge case for yourself of distrust. Obviously, placing blame where it does not belong is hurtful and it brings about its own set of consequences.

When hiring a private investigator, you need to choose someone with experience and training. Sure, you could go the cheap route and hire a rookie but you need a person who is 100% discreet. That way, the private investigator could do the “spying” on your wife or husband for you and never be caught. If you discover your spouse is not cheating but merely making changes in life, no harm done. If you find that your husband or wife is in fact having an affair, then vital information could be obtained to use in court.

A private investigator is a good idea for many reasons, especially in the case where children are involved. For instance, let us say you suspected your wife of having an affair. The two of you own a beautiful home, two nice cars, and you have three gorgeous children. Most often in the case of divorce, the wife is given custody of the kids. However, if she was cheating and you had evidence of that for court, your chance of getting custody has just increased. Additionally, your personal assets would be protected better, meaning you do not lose everything in the case of divorce.

A good private investigator would use appropriate measures for gathering information in a discreet manner but also an efficient manner. In other words, he or she would know the best way to gather data quickly and efficiently to get the job done without costing you a fortune. The bottom line is that living in a situation where you suspect your husband or wife of cheating is not the way to live. By hiring a private investigator, you gain peace of mind so you can move on with your life.

Call IPS Investigative Professional Services today for a free no hassle consultation! We want to put your mind at ease!

 

Bullhead City Private Investigator

Do you suspect your spouse of cheating on you? Are you worried about extramarital affairs? These days, cheating husbands and wives are all too common. If you are seriously concerned about the possibility of your husband or wife cheating on you, then I highly recommend you read through the articles on this website. We have written the articles with you in mind. There are a multitude of books and software packages that can help you figure out whether your spouse is having an extramarital affair once and for all. Although for quick clarity, call IPS Investigative Professional Services for a free consultation. We service Bullhead City AZ, Mohave Valley AZ, Kingman AZ, Las Vegas NV, and Lake Havasu City AZ areas. We are here to help put your mind at ease!